Diclofenac

Diclofenac: A Comprehensive Overview

What is Diclofenac?

Diclofenac is a medication classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. Diclofenac is often prescribed for conditions such as arthritis, muscle pain, back pain, and menstrual cramps. It is available in various forms, including tablets, gels, and injections.

Uses of Diclofenac

• Pain relief: Effective for mild to moderate pain, including headaches, toothaches, and postoperative pain.

• Inflammation: Commonly used to treat inflammatory conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.

• Menstrual cramps: Helps alleviate pain associated with dysmenorrhea.

How Does Diclofenac Work?

Diclofenac works by inhibiting enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), which play a key role in the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are chemicals in the body that cause pain and inflammation. By reducing the levels of these chemicals, diclofenac helps to decrease pain and swelling.

Forms and Dosages

Diclofenac is available in several forms:

• Tablets: Commonly in doses of 50 mg and 100 mg.

• Topical gel or cream: Usually 1% or 3% concentration for localized pain relief.

• Injections: Used in a hospital setting for severe pain.

Typical Dosing:

• Adults may take 50 mg to 100 mg three times a day, depending on the condition being treated. Always follow the prescribed dosage from a healthcare provider.

Side Effects of Diclofenac

Common side effects may include:

• Gastrointestinal issues: Stomach pain, indigestion, nausea, and diarrhea.

• Headache or dizziness.

Serious side effects can include:

• Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers.

• Kidney problems, particularly in those with existing kidney disease.

• Allergic reactions, such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing.

Who Shouldn’t Take Diclofenac?

Caution is advised for:

• Pregnant women: Especially in the third trimester, as it can affect the fetus.

• People with gastrointestinal issues, such as ulcers or a history of gastrointestinal bleeding.

• Individuals with severe kidney or liver disease should avoid using diclofenac.

Interactions with Other Medications

Diclofenac may interact with:

• Blood thinners: Increases the risk of bleeding.

• Other NSAIDs: Should not be taken simultaneously to avoid increased side effects.

• Certain antihypertensives: May reduce their effectiveness.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Severe stomach pain or blood in stools.

• Signs of allergic reactions.

• Any unusual symptoms while using diclofenac.

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